
The second line tells Gradle to download version 4.12 of JUnit and add it to the “test compile” phase, meaning that JUnit classes will be available in the src/androidTest/java source tree, as well as the (optional) src/test/java tree, which can be added for pure unit tests (i.e., those that do not involve the Android API). jar in the libs folder are added to the compile classpath.

The first, fileTree dependency, means that all files ending in. The dependencies block consists of three lines. This section is discussed in detail in Recipe 1.2.

The apply functionality in Gradle adds the Android plug-in to the build system, which enables the android section Domain Specific Language (DSL) configuration.

Top-level adle file // Top-level build file where you can add configuration options // common to all subprojects/modules.
